文档介绍：. 物理与光电信息学院 School of Physics and OptoElectronics Technology FUJIAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China § 5 Optical Instruments ? Optical Systems 2. Microscope 显微镜 3. Telescope 望远镜 4. Camera 照相机 rojector 投影仪 6. Prism spectrometer 棱镜光谱仪? Magnifying power of visual instruments 1. Magnifying power 2. The Magnifying Glass 3. Eyepieces 4. Magnification power of microscope 5. Magnification power of telescope . 物理与光电信息学院 School of Physics and OptoElectronics Technology FUJIAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China ?人眼结构?视角:物体对人眼光心的张角 U(远近、大小) ?仰高:视网膜上物体的象的高度 l ?远点、近点?明视距离=25cm ?最大视角=物高/25cm ?最小分辨角~1分?助视仪器放大镜、目镜、显微镜、望远镜?放大本领肉眼观察物体时,当物体由远移近时,它所张的视角增大,成像也增大,但达到明视距离 25cm 以后继续移近,眼睛将感到吃力,甚至看不清楚。因此,肉眼观察物体时, 最大视角不超过 U=y/25 助视仪器起到增大视角的作用,物体经过光学仪器和人眼后在视网膜上形成的像的长度 l,物体直接经过人眼在视网膜上形成的像的长度 l?, l与l?之比称为光学仪器的放大本领因此, 放大本领就是视角大小的比值 P Q U 25cm UlP QU ’ l ’ . 物理与光电信息学院 School of Physics and OptoElectronics Technology FUJIAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China ? Human eyes: evolved for – Adaptivity (. brightness adjustment) – Bypass structural defects (. blind spot) – Other functional requirements (. stereo vision) ? Human eyes — a co-axis optical systems constituted of different mediums with clear images in the retina. ? The human eyes are considered to be a single refraction interface simply: Refraction index n = ? mdation – Nearsightedness -negative lenses 眼球轴向过长 page 223 – Farsightedness -positive lenses – Astigmatism-Anamorphic lenses 眼球在不同方向截面内的曲率不同 . 物理与光电信息学院 School of Physics and OptoElectronics Technology FUJIAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China ? When the object is moved from far to near , the angle u es bigger and image es bigger too. But when the distance is smaller than 25 cm , the object is invisible ? Visual instruments are used to increase visual angles ? The magni