文档介绍：Chapter 4 Manifestations of toxic effects
In this chapter, we will learn:
1 The concept of allergenicity
2 The types of syndromes following toxicity
Period 2
1 Neurotoxicity
(1) Damage to blood-brain barrier
Cardiac arrestor rupture of critical blood vessels
Hemorrhage or thrombosis
Decreased blood supply①
Cyanide poisoning in the heart
Severe hypotension
Diminish in brainblood supply②
Oxidants such as nitrites interfere with oxygen transport③
Fe2+ Nitrites [O] Fe3+ methemoglobinemia
The three effects above may cause oxygen scarce
(2) Damage to neuronal structures
(3) Interference with neurotransmission
(4) Damage to central nervous system
(5) Loss of integrative functions
2 Hepatoxicity
Liver bear the toxic substances,first-pass effect
Liver damage includes inflammation, necrosis,
Damage or changes in anelles such as ER, mitochondria
3 Nephrotoxicity
Kidney has more chance for toxicity because 20-25% blood out of heart pass through kidneys.
Changes of pH value in kidney renders some substances more toxic
4 Hematotoxicity
Anemia
Methemoglobinemia
Polycythemia
pancytopenia
5 Skeletal toxicity
Interference with bone metabolism
Hormones
Radioactive and other toxic metals