文档介绍：英语单词词性转换得基本规律
、动词(v、)→名词(n、)
(a)词形不变,词性改变
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学****浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学****水,植物)、
(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"得名词
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,
jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,
visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等、
注意:1)以不发音得e结尾得动词,在词尾加-r、
例如:drive—driver, write—writer等、
2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母得动词,应双写末尾得辅音字母,再加-er
例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等、
(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词
例如:achieve—achievement (成就)
advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)
agree—agreement disgree—disagreement
amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)
mit(奉献)—mitment develop—development (发展)
depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)
manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)
有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后得e去掉再加ment、
例如:argue—argument(争论)
(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词
例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;
invent—invention discuss—discussion;
express—expression educate—education;
graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")
pete—petition; organize—organization (把e改成其她字母再加"tion")
decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion")
describe—description描写,描绘 (这就是特例,不规则变化)
(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词
例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)
perform—performance (演出)
accept—acceptance (接受)
(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词得方法相同)
例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting
bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning
end —ending train —training wash—washing
注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母得动词,应双写末尾得辅音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning
(g)其她一些比较特殊得变化
例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior
know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)
heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时得人或物,碰撞)
mix (混合)—mixture