文档介绍:第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
冠词
代词
介词
冠词
考点一 冠词的基本用法
一、不定冠词a,an
1.在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
a university,a useful animal,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an X­ray,an ugly man,an honor等。
Judging from his words,he must be an honest man.
从他的话判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。
As is known to us,Russia is a European country.
众所周知,俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。
2.不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,泛指一个人或一个事物。
They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.
他们在美国找到一个公寓,在那里待了仅仅半年。
 
3.表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly.
那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚,月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
4.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈。
As the old saying goes,“Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道,冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
 
5.不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain。
A Mr. Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。
 
6.“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一,再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常,很”。
I really enjoyed my stay in Xi''s indeed worth a second visit.
我真的喜欢待在西安,它的确值得再次参观。
He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。
7.在抽象名词success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,comfort,danger,shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功,病人目前脱离了危险。
二、定冠词the
1.特指某人或某事。
The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years.
我出生的那个小村庄在过去十年已经呈现新的面貌。
 
2.用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。
As is known to all,China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
3.某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人,要想到用定冠词。
As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知,格林一家要搬到北京去。
 
4.在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。
The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴,经常放学后演奏。
5.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the day,by the week,by the dozen,by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
As far as I know, he will get paid by the week.
据我所知,他会按周付薪。