文档介绍：Chapter 13
Health, Stress, and Coping
1
Health Psychology
Studies the relationship between psychological variables and health,
Mind & Body
Beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, lifestyle contribute to illness
Health Psychologists try to change peoples life styles
2
Conflict Pull between 2 opposing desires/goals
Approach-approach conflict
choice between 2 appealing outcomes
easy to resolve, low stress
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
choice between 2 unappealing outcomes
more stressful than approach-approach
Approach-avoidance conflict
one goal with appealing & unappealing aspects
most stressful type of conflict
often see vacillation
3
Stress
Response to events that disrupt or threaten our physical or psych functioning
Stressors - events that cause stress
+ or - events
produce overload
evoke approach & avoidance
4
Response to Stress
Indirect effects—promote behaviors that jeopardize physical well being. Use of drugs, lack of sleep, poor concentration
Direct effects—promote changes in body functions, leading to illness such as headaches and other physical symptoms
5
Response to Stressors
Flight or Fight Syndrome
BP soars, pulse, sweating,
effects fade quickly
Chronic Stressors – ANS effect
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
6
Stress Hormones
Produced by adrenal glands
Adrenal medulla—catecholamines
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increases respiration, BP, heart rate
Adrenal cortex—corticosteroids
Release stored energy
Reduces inflammation and immune system
7
Alarm - Body prepares for danger
Resistance - Arousal is lower, body draws on resources to cope
Exhaustion - resistance depleted
GAS – Hans Selye
8
Limitations
Not all people react the same
Not all stressors have same effect
The same stressor can have different effects at different times
GAS
9
Primary Appraisal - the extent that the situation is a threat to important goals
Secondary Appraisals - the extent that the person feels he/she can cope
Stressful life events vs. daily