文档介绍：I 摘要本文首先分析了我国劳动监察存在的问题。问题主要涉及了监察体制、监督、预防以及责任制方面。体制方面的问题包括监察机构的地方化设置;监察与仲裁的范围存在重合之处以及监察执法的期限存在模糊之处。监督方面的问题包括工会监督未起到应有的作用;监察机构强制执行权的缺失以及监察人员自身素质不高导致对用人单位的监督不力。预防方面的问题包括用人单位对安全预防措施不重视;劳动者安全意识不高以及监察机构对用人单位的监控不到位。责任制方面包括责任追究程序的不完善;对用人单位的责任处罚轻重不平衡以及对监察人员的责任规定过于笼统。本文其次分析了产生这些问题的原因。体制方面:监察机构受制于地方政府是其监察不力的原因;不同法律法规适用的冲突造成监察与仲裁范围的重合; 立法的不完善导致执法期限存在模糊之处。监督方面:工会的经费来源困难、人员数量不足、政治色彩浓厚导致其监督不力;法律的建设滞后,是强制执行权缺失的原因;高学历人才的缺乏导致监察人员专业素质不高等。预防方面: 预防的制度化没有形成;职工培训重生产技能,忽视安全技能。责任制方面: 立法的缺陷导致已制定的法律、法规已经不适应现阶段复杂多变的经济发展现状,需要加以完善。本文最后提出了完善我国劳动监察的建议。体制方面:参照日本劳动监察机构设置的模式,建立直属中央领导的监察机构;正确区分劳动监察和劳动仲裁的范围以及完善监察执法期限。监督方面:应充分发挥工会的监督职能;赋予监察机构强制执行权以及加强监察人员自身的建设。预防方面:对用人单位实行分类监控;职工安全培训的制度化以及监察机构形成预防的制度化。责任制方面:责任追究程序的具体化;增加对侵犯劳动者权益的刑法保护条款;正确认定监察人员的责任。本文主要结论性观点为:一是通过对日本劳动监察机构设置的考察,创造性的提出了单独设立隶属于人力资源和社会保障部垂直领导的监察机构,统一行使劳动监察权,以改变当前我国监察机构受地方政府干预的不利局面,从而 II 使监察机构能独立的行使监察权。二是建议以《刑法》修正案的方式,增设欠薪罪名,追究恶意欠薪者的刑事责任。关键词: 劳动监察;监督;预防;责任制 III Abstract The article first analyzes the problems of labor inspection in China. The problems relate to the institutional system; as pects. In institutional aspect, including localization of the monitori ng body set up; the scope of monitoring and arbitration has a overlap; the supervision law enforc ement has ambiguities. In supervision aspect , including trade unions did not play its due role; monitoring body lack of the enforcement of rights; the qual ity is not high on the employe rs led to poor supervision. In prevention aspect, including employers neglect of safety precautions; employee security awareness is not high and the monitoring body of the employing unit’s control not in place. In accountability asp ect, including the inadequate accountability procedures; penalties on the employer’s re sponsibility to monitor the severity of imbalance as well as the responsibility of institutions and their staff is too general. The article then analyzes the reasons for these problems. In institutional aspect, monitoring body subject to the local government lead to it s i