文档介绍：Turing, . (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460.
COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
By A. M. Turing
1. The Imitation Game
I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with
definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions
might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but
this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to
be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the
conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, "Can machines think?"
is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd.
Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another,
which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words.
The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call
the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and
an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart
front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine
which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by
labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or
"X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B thus:
C: Will X please tell me the length of his or her hair?
Now suppose X is actually A, then A must answer. It is A's object in the game to
try and cause C to make the wrong identification. His answer might therefore be:
"My hair is shingled, and