文档介绍：Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech
定义
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:He said:" It is too late."
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例:He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一:人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。例如:
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
第二:时态变化直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
不变
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
注意:
,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
例如:Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
,间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如:She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
,间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四:句式上的变化
1、直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,由连词that 引导。例如:
She said: “I am very happy to help you.”
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:
He asked me: “Do e from China?”
He asked me if/whether I came from China.
注意:大多数情况下,if ,whether 可以互换,但句中出现or not,或放在介词后作连接词,只用whether。例如:
She asked whether he could do it or not.
They cried out whether he was all right.
3、直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语,由相应的疑问词who ,whom, whose, how, when, why, where等引导。例如:
My sister asked me : “ Who is your friend?”
My sister asked me who my fri