文档介绍：Quotation
How should I incorporate quotations into my essay? When you borrow material from secondary sources, don't be greedy: borrow only what you need, and borrow only from reputable sources. As you choose facts and quotations to work into your essay, remember that they must either support or contribute to your argument.
There are three ways of presenting secondary material in your writing:
Quotations are direct citations; they quote the source word for word
Paraphrases borrow all the information from an original sentence or paragraph, but do not borrow its wording or structure.
Summaries borrow only some information from the original material. Like paraphrases, summaries do not borrow wording or structure from the original source.
The following example from Piaget's paper in Child Development: Readings The following example from Piaget's paper in Child Development: Readings for Teachers shows the difference between quotations, paraphrases and summaries.
Direct Quotation and indirect Quotation
Direct:
A direct quotation is one in which you copy an author's words directly from the text and use that exact wording in your essay. Try to use direct quotations sparingly: only use them when they are focused precisely on the point you want to make and are both brief and telling, or where the substance/ wording of the quote is what you wish to address.
When directly quoting, remember the following points:
for a short quotation, use quotation marks " " to indicate that these are someone elses words.
For example:
In fact, Rumelhart suggests that schemata "truly are the building blocks of cognition" (1981: 33).
for quotations longer than three lines, take a new line and indent the quote to separate it from the main text (in this case you do not require quotation marks)
For example:
In fact, Rumelhart suggests that schemata
truly are the building blocks of cognition. They
are the fundamental elements upon which all
information processing depends. Schemata are