文档介绍：Chapter 4 Word Formation
Affixation
Affixation is the process of forming words by adding derivationla affixes to stems. It is also called derivation. Words fromed in this way are derivatives.
According to this position affixed occupy in words; affixation falls into two catergories: prefixation
Suffixation
Prefixation
Prefixation is a way of forming new words by adding prefixes to stems. Usually, prefixes do not change the parts of speech of a word. Their chief function is to modify its meaning, although there are exceptions.
Prefixes can be divided, based on their meaning, into : negative prefixes; reversative prefixes; pejorative prefixes; prefixes of degree or size; locative prefixes; prefixes of time and order; number prefixes and miscelaneous prefixes.
Negative prefixes:
ab- : abnormal
dis- : disobey
in- (il-, ir- im-): injustice, illegal, impolite, irregular
non-: non-smoker
un-: unwilling
Reversative prefixes:
de-: decentralize
dis-: disunite
un-: unwrap
Pejocative prefixes
mal-: maltreat
mis-: mistrust
pseudo-: pseduo-science
Prefixes of degree or size
arch-: archbishop
extra-: extra-strong
hyper-: hyperactive
macro-: macrocosm
micro-: puter
mini-: mini-election
out-: outlive
over-: overweigh
sub-: subheading
super-: suprefreeze
sur-: surtax
ultra-: ultra-conservative
under-: underdeveloped
Prefixes of orientation and attitude
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