文档介绍：第一单元
Manager： Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished
管理者：通过协调和监管其他人的工作活动以实现组织目标的人员
First-line Managers ： Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees.
Middle Managers： Individuals who manage the work of first-line managers.
Top Managers： Individuals who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization.
基层管理者：最底层的管理人员，他们管理着非管理雇员所从事的工作。
中层管理者：对基层管理者进行管理的人员。
高层管理者：负先为整个组织制定决策、计划和目标并进而影响整个组织的管理人员。
Management： coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
管理：协调和监管他人的工作活动，从而使其有效率、行效果地完成工作。
Efficiency： Doing things rights or Getting the most output for the least inputs
效率：正确地做事，或者以尽可能少的投入获得尽可能多的产出
Effectiveness： Doing the right things, or Attaining organizational goals
效果：做正确的事情，或者实现组织的目标
Planning:management function that involves setting goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
Organizing: management function that involves arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals.
Leading : management function that involves working with and through people to accomplish organizational goals.
Controlling: management function that involves monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance
计划：设定目标，确定实现这些目标的战略，并且制定计划以整合和协调各种活动 组织：安排各项工作，以实现组织目标
领导：同他人合作并通过他人去实现目标
控制：对员工的工作进行监控、比较和纠正
Management Roles： specific actions or behaviors expected of a manager.
Interpersonal roles： managerial roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature.
Informational roles： managerial roles that involve collecting,receiving,and disseminating
information.
Decisional roles： managerial roles that revolve around making choices.
管理角色：管理者按照人们的预期在实践中展示的具体行为或表现 人际关系角色:人与人的关系以及其他礼仪性的和象征性的职贡。 信息传递角色：收集、接受和传播信息
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