文档介绍：如何上好一堂儿科理论课
Nutrition of Childhood
Good nutrition helps to prevent acute and chronic illness, to develop physical and mental potential, and to provide reserves for stress.
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1. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Energy
Energy needs of children at different ages and under various conditions various greatly.
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Basal Metabolism 基础代谢
The Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
食物特殊动力作用
Energy Required for growth and development
生长发育
Physical Activities 体力活动
Elimination 排泄损失
Energy
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The average daily requirement is approximately 110 kcal/kg for the first year of life, with subsequent decreases of about 10 kcal/kg for each succeeding 3 years period.
Energy
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Generally, approximately 10%-15% of
the calories are derived from protein;
50%-60% from carbohydrate;
35%-45% from fat.
Energy
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Vitamins
Minerals
Water
The normal infant's absolute requirement for water probably is 150 ml/kg/day is recommended.
  Dietary Fiber
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THE FEEDING OF INFANTS 婴儿喂养
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Breast Feeding
Breast feeding provides optimal nutrition for the normal infant during the early months of life.
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(The first milk) colostrum 初乳
The breast with five days after delivery is colostrum. The colostrum is a lemon-yellow color and alkaline. The total amount of colostrum secreted daily is 10 - 40 ml.
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