文档介绍：The Nucleus
Some nuclear properties
Structure of the nucleus
The nuclear force
The masses of the nuclides
The binding energy
Nuclear reaction
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation
Radioactive decay
Fission
Fusion
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Some words
Nucleus, Nuclei
Nuclide (核素)
Binding energy
Nuclear reaction
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation
Radioactive decay
Fission
Fusion
Isotope
mass spectrograph
protons, neutrons
Quake
Mass defect
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position of the nucleus
There are two types of nuclear particles (nucleons) known to exist within the nucleus.
Protons: mp=-27kg, positive charge,
Neutrons: mn=-27kg, neutral,
The number of protons present in any nucleus is called the atomic number and is denoted by Z. Elements in the periodic table are simply arranged in ascending order of atomic number.
The total number of protons and neutrons is referred to as the atomic mass number A. The symbol of a nucleus is given by: ZMA or AZM.
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Isotopes
Isotopes: Nuclei with the same value of Z but with different values of A are referred to as isotopes. Or they have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
For example: 126C(%), 137C(%)
Mass spectrograph (质谱仪): An instrument used to measure the nuclear mass. It is based on the principle of deflecting positive ions in a ic field and inferring the mass of the nucleus from the radius of curvature of the track.
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Quakes
The nucleons are posites, and contain objects called quakes.
Hadrons (强子) are particles that interact with each other via the strong nuclear forces.
Mesons (介子), particles with integer spins,
Baryons(重子), particles with half-integer spins
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Strong nuclear forces
Strong nuclear forces are short ranged and e zero at distances greater than a few femtometers (10-15 m).
Nuclear forces are much stronger than electrical forces. The nuclear force is attractive at the average inter-nucleon separation.
Nuclear forces do not depend on the electric