文档介绍：Referring to Literature
One im porta nt characteristic of academic writing is that all the sources of information that the writer has used need to be indicated, no t just as a bibliography or list of ref ere nces, but also in or alongside the text. In some cases the source will be the main subject of the sentence, in others the sources may be mentioned parenthetically (in brackets) or via a notation system (eg. footnotes). The more comm on verbs and verb phrases used in academic writing for refer ri ng to sources are given below. Note that differe nt ref ere ncing systems are used in differe nt discipli nes. In the examples, the Harvard in-text referencing system has been used. Also note that the "author as subject" style is less comm on in the sciences.
"Ideally, your review should be evaluative and critical of the studies which have a particular bearing on your own. For example, you may think a particular study did not investigate some necessary aspect of the area, or that the authors failed to notice some problem with their results." General descriptions of the relevant literature:
A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......
There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......
The generalisability of much published research on this