文档介绍：河北工业大学硕士学位论文基于GIS 的村镇综合防灾规划研究 摘 要 我国是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一。村镇地区自然环境普遍恶劣, 建筑质量差, 配套基础设施建设落后,防灾薄弱环节多且比城市严重,大多数村镇地区没有防灾减灾管理。灾害发生时,受灾人口比例远远高于城市。村镇防灾减灾工作的关键在于预防,制定合理的村镇防灾规划是解决村镇防灾问题的有效手段。防灾规划应该在对村镇灾害现状的了解、认识及分析的前提下,结合并借鉴城市防灾规划, 综合村镇的建筑特点,地理、气候环境,针对村镇中的主要灾害,分析灾害特点及其危险性寻求防治办法,探讨总结出防灾减灾的方法及经验。本文将区域灾害系统理论与地理信息系统(GIS)和虚拟现实技术(VR) 等可视化技术、遥感技术(RS)结合,辅助制定村镇综合防灾规划。 本文首先归纳、分析我国村镇防灾减灾面临的问题和特点。对村镇建设中主要灾害进行分析汇总,了解其分类、特点和成因。对研究实例村镇的防灾重点加以归纳和分析研究, 针对其主要的几种灾种防治探讨方法措施。本文确定了地震、洪水、火灾三个灾中作为镇区可能发生的主要灾害。根据区域灾害理论分别建立了地震、洪水、火灾的基础信息数据库、灾害信息数据库、灾害数字模拟概率模型数据库。在此基础上对基于GIS 进行灾害危险性评价的总体思路进行了概括阐述,结合旧州镇的实际情况,分别选取了地震、洪水、火灾的危险性评价因子,对在GIS 下评价因子图层进行数据处理,将处理后得到的评价因子图层叠加分析,最后得到旧州镇的每项灾害的成灾情况。在对成灾图件综合分析的基础上,借鉴国外村镇建设采用的防灾减灾手段,对研究实例村镇的防灾重点加以归纳和分析研究,针对其主要的几种灾种防治探讨方法措施。综合考虑上述情况,提出村镇防灾规划意见。 关键词:灾害,地理信息系统(GIS),防灾规划,村镇,数字灾害模拟 i 基于 GIS 的村镇综合防灾规划研究 Planning of Villages and Small prehensive Disaster Preventio n Based on GIS ABSTRACT China is one of the most serious affected countries by disaster s and has been sufferi ng great loses. Most of villages and small towns in China has poor natural environment poor quality of buildings, poor supporting infrastructure, and ha s more weak links in disa ster prevention than in cities; most areas of villages and small towns have no disaster m anagement. We have ignored the work of di saster prevention and re duction in villages an d small towns for a long time. The key of v illages and towns disaster prevention and m itigation work is prevention. Make effective villages and small prehensive disa ster planning is the best way to improve di saster prevention capabi lity. Disaster planning should be understanding and analysis of the premise in the towns and villages on the s tatus of disaster awareness, bination of urban disaster prev ention and to learn fro m the planning construction char acteristics of the villages and towns, geography, climate and environment, in the main towns and villag es for disaster, and its analysis of the cha racteristics of disaster to s eek ways