文档介绍:中文摘要
大学生返乡就业过程中的政府创新行为研究
——基于对吉林省通化县的实证调查
大学生就业难是摆在各级政府和社会面前的一道现实难题。区域差距拉大、
就业成本提升、信息不均衡等因素仍是阻碍大学生顺利就业的体制因素。其中,
城乡二元结构的分化使得更多县域户籍的大学生选择留在城市发展,从而阻碍了
县域地方人力资源回流,而这种非对称的就业局势又进一步加剧了人力资源在城
乡中分布的不均衡,使城乡发展陷入恶性循环的怪圈。
然而,近些年,在大城市高房价、高消费的现实压力下,越来越多毕业生选
择了逃离北上广,他们当中相当比例的学生选择了回到县域级别的家乡工作,这
种逆城市化的就业路径,不但给大学生就业找到了新的突破口和解决阀,更为县
域地方经济发展、产业升级集聚了人力资本和智力资本。政府,尤其是经济发展
欠发达、行政级别较低的县域级别政府应该抓住人力资本转移的时机,通过行政
改革和社会管理创新,改变人力资源匮乏现状,吸引更多本籍人才回乡就业。
本文选取大学生返乡就业中政府作为比较典型和先进的吉林省通化县作为
调研地点,通过对县政府的创新政策和行为走访和考察,配合以与大学生、企业、
政府部门的访谈,试图探讨地方政府创新在大学生返乡就业中的作用和效果。
关键词:大学生就业 返乡就业 政府创新行为
1
ABSTRACT
The difficulty of graduate employment is a real problem that confronted with the
governments at all levels and the society. Widening regional differences , higher
employment cost, unbalanced information between the employees and employers are
the institutional barriers to employment .Besides that , urban-rural dual structure
makes more county students choose to live in big cities ,which makes the gap of the
stock of human capital between the urban and rural areas wider and huger.
Urban-rural development come to a vicious circle.
However , in recent years, lots of graduates choose to leave the large cities
like Beijing, Shanghai ,Guangzhou afraid of pressures of high housing price and
high consumption ,and many of them tend to get back to their home county to live.
this kind of employment is somehow counter to urbanization, but it could br