文档介绍：Present perfect tense
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We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.
现在完成时的构成
have/has + done (过去分词)
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现在完成时的用法
，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。
We have bought a new computer.
含义是现在已经有电脑了。
He has given up drinking.
含义是他现在已经不喝酒了。
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He has gone to Beijing.
她已经到北京去了。
含义是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到过．现在人不在这里。
He has been to Beijing.
她曾到过北京。
含义是：她去过北京。表示一种经历，说话时她还在这里。
have／has gone to
have/has been to
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（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。这一用法通常都要与for…, since…等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。
She has lived here for more than ten years.
她已在此住了10多年了。
含义是她可能现在已不住在这里，也有可能再住下去。
She has studied English since 2004.
她从2004年起就开始学****英语。
for后接的是时间段
since后接时间点，而且后面
跟的是过去时间。
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现在完成时不能和明确的时间状语（last week, just now, in 1949, yesterday等）连用，但可以和不明确的时间状语（如：already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times 等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：this morning, today, now, this week/month，so far 等）连用。
It has been cold this winter.
今年冬天一直很冷。（说话时还是冬天。）
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在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years.
There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.
[析] "In / During the past / last + 复数名词"是完成时态的标志之一。
[误]
[正]
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1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks.
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It came here a few weeks ago. It has been here for a few weeks.
She joined the Party several weeks ago. She has been a Party member for several weeks.
一定要注意，像come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stop等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
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他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。
[析] 瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.
His father left his homeland fifty years ago.
His father has left his homeland for fifty years.
[×]
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