文档介绍：中国科学技术大学
硕士学位论文
全息天线的理论和实验研究
姓名:莫瑞明
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:电磁场与微波技术
指导教师:朱旗
2011-05-10
摘要
摘要
在通信系统中,为了较好地传输信号,减少电磁辐射对其他通信设备的影
响,天线要求有较高的增益和较低的副瓣;同时,为了提高通讯设备的战场生
存能力,天线需要有更好的隐蔽性。传统反射面天线拥有很高的增益,但其固
定的轮廓使得其容易暴露自身位置,从而在战争中的生存能力大大降低。
全息天线是利用全息结构改变源天线辐射特性,以获得目标天线辐射特性
的一种口径天线。全息天线可以根据不同的应用环境选择全息结构中的不同部
分,实现天线与使用背景的一体化,在避免高损耗馈电结构的同时,使整体结
构较为简单,从而突破了结构轮廓对天线应用的限制,同时更具有隐蔽性。
本文在阐述全息天线构建原理的基础上,分析了源天线与理想平面波的干
涉,以此确定全息结构的位置及全息天线的构成。同时对干涉极小值点的计算
进行一定的简化,得到了具有普遍意义的计算全息结构位置的表达式。
作为实例,本文利用金属导体构成的全息结构与偶极子天线分别设计和制
作了简单的一维、二维及准三维全息天线,并对它们的辐射场进行了仿真计算
和实验测试。计算和实验测试结果吻合较好,表明利用全息结构在一定程度上
可以改善源天线的辐射性能。最后,本文对全息天线的可能应用及改进方法进
行了探讨。

关键词:全息摄影口径天线高增益天线干涉图样;

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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
In munication systems, high gain and low sidelobe are required for
antennas to transmit the signal better and reduce the influence of ic
radiation on munication equipments. Moreover, better concealment is
needed for antennas in order to improve the survivability of munication
equipments in the battlefield. Although the gain of traditional reflector antennas is
high, their fixed outlines make them easier to expose their locations and reduce their
viability significantly in the war.
Holographic antennas are a kind of aperture antennas which utilize holographic
structures to change the radiation property of the source antenna and achieve the
radiation property of the target antenna. Different parts of the holographic structures
can be chosen according to different application environments to achieve the
integration of the antenna with the background. While avoiding the high loss of feed,
the overall structure of holographic antennas is relatively simple. These advantages
make holographic antennas break through the restrictions of structural outline on the
antenna applications and have more invisibility.
On the basis of the principle of constructing holographic antennas, this
dissertation has analyzed the interference of the source antenna and the ideal