文档介绍：翻译专题一、考题介绍: ?高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲规定: 翻译考题测试考生将英语正确译成汉语的能力。所译材料为句子和段落,包括一般性内容(约占 60 %)和实用性内容(约占 40 %);涉及词汇限于《基本要求》“词汇表”B级( 2500 )词的范围。?本部分得分占总分的 20 %,测试时间为 25分钟。题型:多项选择、段落翻译。二、翻译能力要求?: 日常交际――阅读与翻译一般文字材料,如科普、人物、政治、商贸、文化、生活等; 业务交际――业务信函、传真、电子邮件、广告、产品与厂家介绍、维护及使用说明。?: 正确翻译一般语句,基本符合汉语****惯;正确掌握被动句式、倍数、定语从句、长句的译法。三、应试策略??英译汉是创造性地运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。英译汗考试则只要做到“忠实、通顺”即可。要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则,即要把原文的内容准确地表达出来,既不能改变和歪曲, 也不能增加或删减。?: ?第一步:通读全文,理解全文。?第二步:开始翻译。?第三步:初步翻译完成,进一步校对。?第四步:最后确定翻译内容。四、四种句式的翻译技巧??在科普类文章中,英语的被动语态使用的范围很广泛。对于被动句式的翻译主要有下列两种方法: ?(1 )原文和译文中的主语不变。在译文中往往使用“加以”、“经过”、“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他问题将简单地加以讨论。?经常涉及的句型有: ? It is believed that …有人认为? It is asserted that …有人主张? It is generally accepted …人们普遍认为? It is well known that …众所周知? It will be said …有人会说? It was told that …有人曾经说? It is hoped that …希望? It is said that …据说? It is reported that …据报道? It is supposed that …据推测? It must be admitted that …必须承认? It must be pointed out that …必须指出?(2)译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动语态可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”、“给”、“遭”、“为……所”、“使”、“由”、“受到”等表示。例如: The car is made of steel. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by man. ?。倍数增加(1) A is n times as great as B. ? A is n times greater than B. ?译文: A的大小是 B的n倍。或: A比B大n-1倍。 This book is three times as long as that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍(即长两倍)。(2) increase to n times/increase n times/increase by n times ?译文:增加到 n倍(或增加 n-1倍)。? The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against 2000. ?(3) double (增加一倍), treble (增加两倍), quadruple (增加三倍) ? The efficiency of the machines has been more than doubled. 这些机器的效率已提高了一倍多。? The value of the house has increased fourfold since 1949. ?房价自 1949 年以来增加了三倍。?倍数减少(1) A is n times as small as B. ? A is n times smaller than B. ?译文: A的大小是 B的 1/n 。或 A比B小( n-1) /n。? This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 这种薄膜比普通纸要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的 1/2 )。(2) decrease