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四级语法讲义
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表：
1．主动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
did
do
will/shall do
should/would do
进展
was/were doing
am/is/are doing
will/shall be doing
/
完成
had done
have/has done
will/shall have done
should/would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进展
had been doing
have/has been doing
/
/
2．被动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were given
am/is/are given
will/shall be given
should/would be given
进展
was/were being given
am/is/are being given
/
/
完成
had been given
have/has been given
will/shall have been given
should/would have been given
完成进展
/
/
/
CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；〔现在/过去〕完成进展时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时 所有的过去
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成
一．非谓语动词
一．不定式：
一〕不定式的常考形式：
一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
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完成形式：He pretended notto have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二〕不定式常考的考点：
1〕不定式做定语----将要发生
2〕不定式做状语----目的
3〕不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进展性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。〔强调"我见他正干活"这个动作〕
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The