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by小结
,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。
  He was praised by the 。
  The book was written by Lu 。
、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。
  Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。
  He made a living by 。
,意为“到……时(为止”或“不迟于……”。
  He ought to be here by 。
  By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English ,他已学了约一千个英语单词。
(增减)程度,尺寸数量等,意为“至……的程度”。
  the bullet missed me by two 。
  the rope needs to be longer by two 。
,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”。
  go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去
  travel by land / sea / air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行
,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。
There is a pumping station by the 。
too…to…通常用来表示否定含义,即“太…而不能…”(not enough to)
The little boy is too young to go to school.
The little boy is not old enough to go to school.
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by 的用法
作介词讲：
1. 在近处；在旁边
standing by the window
站在窗户旁边
a table by the bed
床边的桌子
2. 经；由；从
to enter by the door
由门进去
3. 经过…旁
He walked by me.
他从我旁边走过。
By tomorrow he'll be here.
他明天就到这儿。
；由
written by Shakespeare
莎士比亚写的
；按照
to play by the rules
按规则比赛
His horse won by a nose.
他的马以一鼻之差取胜。
…方式
She earned money by writing.
她靠写作挣钱。
We went by air.
我们乘飞机走。
（乘）除（以计算面积）
a room 15 feet by 20 feet
一间长20英尺宽15英尺的房间
to divide X by Y
用Y除X
；连续
The animals went in 2 by 2.
动物两个两个地走进去。
11.（指动物）由…所生
作副词讲：
Please let me by.
请让我过去。
Do it when nobody is by.
等附近没人时再做。
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with的用法讲解-最全的with用法
1 同, 与, 和, 跟
talk with a friend
与朋友谈话
learn farming with an old peasant
跟老农学****种田
fight [quarrel, argue] with sb.
跟某人打架[争吵, 辩论]
[说明表示动作的词, 表示伴随]随着, 和...同时
change  with the temperature
随着温度而变化
increase with years
逐年增加
be up with the dawn
黎明即起
W-these words he left the room.
他说完这些话便离开了房间。
3 表示使用的工具, 手段]用
defen