文档介绍：非谓语动词(一) 作主语、表语、宾语的用法
Nonfinite Verbs
非谓语动词
动词ing(doing)
现在分词
动名词
过去分词(done)
动词不定式(to do)
概述：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
非谓语动词使用条件
His father died, leaving him an orphan.
His father died, and left him an orphan.
非谓语动词的句法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：
非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语(主语）补足语等.
时态
主动语态
被动语态
含义
一般式
与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
无
不定式的一个动作正在进行
完成式
不定式的动作先于谓语动词之前发生
非谓语动词的时态和语态：
（一）不定式的时态和语态：
I’m very glad to see you.
He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
The book is said to have been translated into several languages.
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
时态
主动语态
被动语态
含义
一般式
与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生
完成式
动词ing的动作先于谓语之前发生
They entered the cinema, talking and laughing.
Having lived in this city for 3 years, she knew it quite well.
He doesn’t mind having been punished.
（二）动词ing的时态和语态：
doing
being done
having done
having been done
（三）过去分词
无时态、语态的变化。及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成的意义。不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。
When they got to the station, they found the train gone.
Brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
非谓语动词的否定式是在其整体前直接加not
Having completed the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
He told me to be late for school.
His going home at night made his mother very worried.
Not having
not to
not going
规则点拨
1. 动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。
动名词作主语表示一般的、泛指的或****惯性的动作。
__________(sing) is my hobby, and___________ (sing) on my friend’s birthday party
is my dream.
考点一：作主语
Singing
to sing
2. 不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在 句尾 。
To help the poor is our duty.
=It’s our duty to help the poor.
常用句型：
It’s kind/nice/silly/careless...of sb. to do sth.(表示人的品质）
It’s necessary /possible/easy...for sb. to do sth. (表示事物的性质）
It was considerate __________ you not to play the piano while I was asleep.
It’s important _________us to study hard.
of
for