文档介绍：Ａccountｉng profit会计利润： Total ｒeｖenue minus toｔaｌ eｘpｌiｃit cｏst
Abｉlity－to-pａｙ ｐriｎciple能力支付原则： Ｔhe ｉdeａ ｔｈat ｔaxｅs shoｕｌd ｂｅ levｉｅｄ on a perｓoｎ acｃording to hｏw weｌl thａt peｒsｏｎ can ｓhｏuｌｄer thｅ ｂurｄen
Ａｂｓｏluｔe ａdvａｎtａgｅ绝对优势: Tｈe compａｒison ａmonｇ prｏdｕｃｅrｓ of ａ goｏd aｃｃｏｒｄing to ｔｈeir prｏduｃｔivity
Adverse selｅctiｏｎ逆向选择: Thｅ tendeｎcy for the mｉx of unoｂsｅrved attｒiｂutes to ｂeｃｏmｅ uｎdesiｒａｂlｅ from ｔhe ｓtａndｐoint of aｎ uniｎfｏrｍeｄ ｐａrｔy
Ａｇent代理人: A ｐerｓon who is performｉnｇ ａn acｔ for anｏthｅr ｐｅｒsoｎ， caｌleｄ thｅ ｐrincｉｐal
Aｇｇreｇate-ｄemaｎd ｃuｒve： a curve that ｓｈows tｈe ｑuａntｉtｙ of goods ａnd services thａｔ hｏｕseholds, fｉrms， and tｈｅ gｏveｒnment waｎt ｔｏ ｂｕｙ aｔ eａｃh ｐrｉce level
Ａggregatｅ rｉsk: risk that affeｃts aｌl ecｏnoｍic actｏrs ａt oｎcｅ
Ａggregate-ｓuｐplｙ ｃuｒve: ａ cｕrｖe thaｔ shoｗｓ ｔhｅ quａntity ｏｆ goodｓ and servｉｃeｓ that fｉrms choｏse ｔｏ produｃe aｎd ｓｅlｌ aｔ eacｈ ｐriｃe leveｌ
Aｐpｒｅcｉatioｎ: aｎ incrｅaｓe in tｈe vａlue of a cｕrrency as mｅａsureｄ ｂy the aｍounｔ ｏf ｆoｒeign curｒencｙ it ｃａn ｂuｙ
Ａrrow’s iｍpｏssｉbiliｔy thｅoｒeｍ阿罗不可能定理: Ａ maｔｈｅmaticaｌ rｅsult showiｎg ｔｈat, unｄer ｃeｒtａin ａssumed ｃoｎｄiｔｉonｓ, tｈｅre is no scｈeｍe fｏr ａｇgreｇatinｇ iｎｄｉｖiｄuaｌ prefｅｒences into ａ ｖalｉd set ｏf sｏcｉａl pｒeｆeｒeｎｃes
Ａveｒage ｆiｘed cｏst平均固定成本: Ｆｉxed ｃoｓts dｉｖided by ｔｈe ｑuantiｔy oｆ ｏｕtput
Average ｒevenue平均收益： Ｔotａl ｒevenｕe divided by tｈｅ quantｉtｙ sｏlｄ
Aｖerａｇｅ tax rａte平均税率: Ｔｏtａｌ ｔａｘeｓ paid ｄivｉdｅｄ ｂy tｏｔal incｏme
Aveｒａｇｅ totａl coｓt平均总成本： Tｏtaｌ cost divｉｄed by tｈｅ quaｎtity of ouｔput
Ａｖeｒagｅ variable coｓt平均可变成本: Vａｒiable ｃosts divided ｂy ｔhｅ quantｉtｙ oｆ ouｔｐｕt
Automatｉc stabiｌｉzerｓ: ｃhaｎｇeｓ in fiｓcaｌ ｐolｉcy tｈａｔ stｉｍulａｔｅ aggreｇaｔｅ demand ｗhen ｔｈｅ ｅconomy ｇｏｅs iｎｔｏ a rｅｃeｓｓion wｉthout policymakers ｈaｖｉnｇ ｔo ｔaｋe ａny deliｂerａte ａｃtion
Ｂalａｎｃｅ tｒａdｅ: ａ ｓitｕatiｏn ｉn ｗｈiｃｈ expｏrｔｓ ｅｑｕａl imｐｏrtｓ
Benefｉts pｒinciｐle受益原则： Ｔhe iｄea ｔhat pｅｏｐｌｅ shｏｕld pay tａｘeｓ basｅd on thｅ benefitｓ they ｒeceｉｖe ｆｒom ｇovernment ｓeｒviｃes
Boｎd: ａ cｅrtｉｆiｃａtｅ oｆ ｉｎdｅｂｔｅｄｎess
Budgeｔ ｃｏnｓtｒａiｎt预算约束： Ｔhe lｉmit on the coｎsumｐti