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Deep-Sea Research I 56 (2009) 1656–1674
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Deep-Sea Research I
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Variability and propagation of Labrador Sea Water in the southern
subpolar North Atlantic
Dagmar Kieke a,Ã, Birgit Klein b, Lothar Stramma c, Monika Rhein a, Klaus Peter Koltermann b,1
a Institut fu¨r Umweltphysik, Abt. Ozeanographie, Universita¨t Bremen, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
b Bundesamt fu¨r Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, Germany
c Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Meereswissenschaften an der Universita¨t Kiel, IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany
article info abstract
Article history: The variability of two modes of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) (upper and deep Labrador Sea
Received 18 July 2008 Water) and their respective spreading in the interior North Atlantic Ocean are
Received in revised form investigated by means of repeated ship surveys carried out along the zonal WOCE line
11 May 20 09 A2/AR19 located at 43–481N (1993–2007) and along the GOOS line at about 48–511N
Accepted 18 May 2009
(1997–2002). Hydrographic section data are complemented by temperature, salinity,
Available online 27 May 2009
and velocity time series recorded by two moorings. They have been deployed at the
Keywords: western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) in the Newfoundland Basin during
Subpolar North Atlantic 1996–2004. The analysis of hydrographic anomalies at various longitudes