文档介绍：Chapter 5
Civil Rights
Civil Rights
all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendments’ guarantee of equal protection under the law
what the government must do to ensure equal protection
what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination
African-Americans and the Consequences of Slavery
In apportioning congressional representation based on population, the constitution refers to free persons and “other persons”(or slaves)
For purposes of representation, a slave was equal to 3/5 of a free person
Supreme Court confirms constitutionality of slavery in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1847)
The Civil War Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment (1865) – neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the United States’
Fourteenth Amendment (1868) – all persons born or naturalized in the United State are citizens
states cannot abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
all persons (whether or not they are citizens) are entitled to due process
all persons are entitled to equal protection
Fifteenth Amendment (1870) – the right to vote shall not be denied because of race, color or previous condition of servitude
Key Points of the Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
extended citizenship to anyone born in the United States
gave African Americans full equality before the law
authorized the president to enforce the act through use of force
The Enforcement Act of 1870
set out specific penalties for interfering with the right to vote
Key Points of the Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875 (cont.)
The Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act (1872)
made it a federal crime to deprive an individual of his or her rights
The Second Civil Rights Act (1875)
everyone is entitled to equal enjoyment of public modation and places of public amusement
imposed penalties for violators
The Civil Rights Act were nullified through:
The Civil Rights Cases (1883)
the Supreme Court rules that the 14th amendment only prevents official discriminatory acts by states, not by priva