文档介绍：专题十二简单句
┃陈述句┃
陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下:
动词的否定式:在be动词后面加否定词not。如:We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。
:在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如: I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。
:借助助动词do/ does构成。一般现在时的句子结构为:主语+doesn't/don't +动词原形+其他。如:He doesn't do exercise every 。
┃疑问句┃
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
:用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
形式:be+ 主语+其他?
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
助动词+主语+动词原形\过去分词+其他?
如:—Are you tired? —Yes, I am.
---Must I finish the work today? --Yes, you must.
Have you been to Beijing?
专题十三简单句
: 以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如:
常见的特殊疑问词有:who, which, what, when, where, why how many\how much, how often, how long, how soon, how far …
如:What do you like best?
When did you go to Beijing last time?
How often do you exercise?
:指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如:
Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜?
专题十三简单句
:反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句),后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句),中间用逗号隔开。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则,且两部分的人称和时态要一致。
常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下:
(1)陈述部分为Let us…时,问句部分****惯上用“will you?”; 陈述部分为Let‘s…时,问句部分****惯上用“shall we?”如:
Let us go to the cinema, will you?
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
(2)陈述部分为“There (Here)+ be + 主语”时,问句部分用“动词+there (here)?”形式。如:
There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?
(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:
She seldom goes swimming, does she?
专题十三简单句
(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时,问句部分的主语用it。如:
Something is wrong with puter, isn't it?
(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时,问句部分的主语用he或 they,这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如:
Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?
(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don‘t think (believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句”时,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:
I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?
(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un­, im­, in­, dis­等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。如:It is unfair, isn't it?
(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时,反意疑问句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时,反意疑问句部分只能用will you。如:
Don‘t make any noise, will you?
专题十三简单句
┃祈使句┃
祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。否定式是直接在动词