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***高考英语语态总复****br/>广东***高考英语语态 总复****之
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2）谓语动词的构成形式:
have / has + V-过去分词
3、现在完成时
1)概念:
表示到现在为止已完成的行为或已终止的状态,或一直持续到现在的行为或状态,它强调对现在有一定的影响或结果.
We have studied English for two years.
以动词为例:
I have worked. (I have not worked.)
He / She / It has worked.
(He / She / It has not worked.)
We / You / They / have worked.
We / You / They / have not worked.
3）现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影
响或结果,即影响性用法,常用的时间状语有:already, yet , ever, never, just 等.
He has swum across the river.
I have left my keys in the room.
I have already watched the TV play.
Have you found your lost pen yet?
No, I haven’t found it yet.
②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持
续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与since
或for短语或从句连用,谓语动词多为延
续性动词. (即持续性用法)
They have lived here for eight years.
The basketball match has lasted two hours.
I have learnt English since five years ago
③现在完成时还可用于时间或条件状语从句中代替一般现在时,表示将来才完成的动作.
We’ll start if the train has come at five.
You can go out if you have finished your homework.
Don’t get off until the bus has stopped.
You can go out
以上三句的现在完成时均可换成一般现在时,即分别改为:comes, finish 和stops, 但语气没有用现在完成时那么强烈.
说明:从句谓语动词为延续性动词时,两种时态不能相互替换.
When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden.
I’ll go shopping as soon as I have done my homework.
(以上两句的现在完成时不能替换成一般现在时)
3)时间状语:
①现在完成时常和表示不确定的时间状语连用, 如:already, yet, never, just, ever, before, always 等.
I have never heard of anyone turning out a book in four days.
I have just received a letter from my
parents.
②现在完成时可以和包括 “现在” 在内的时间状语连用,如today, this morning, this month, this year 等.
She has come twice this morning.
They have planted 10,000 young trees this year.