文档介绍：Van Leuven-Zeart's Comparative-Descriptive Model of Translation Shifts Zuo Shiyao ? the most detailed attempt to produce and apply a model of shift analysis ?研究对象:小说文本的整体翻译 integral translations of fictional texts ?所谓整体性翻译,是指与原文相比较,翻译的文本没有在句子层面以上做出增删(1989 ∶ 154), 也就是增删的范围不超过一个句子,这与我们通常所说的全译本类似。换句话说, 节译、译述或是有删节的翻译作品均不在鲁文-兹瓦特的研究范围之内。?研究目的: ?1)将比较系统化,系统分类; ?2)构建句子层面以上的话语框架 Two parative model ? Aims at detecting the microstructural linguistic shifts on the semantic, stylistic, syntactic and pragmatic levels after a parison between the ST and the TT. ? Transeme vs. parationis Steps ? Determine the transemes of ST and TT ? Determine the architranseme ? Compare transemes of ST and TT to the architranseme respectively Determine the transemes of ST and TT ?译素:可理解的语篇单位? Transeme: comprehensible textual unit[s] ?早期对“翻译转换”的研究多以词、短语或句子作为译文与原文的比较单位,但鲁文-兹瓦特认为,作为比较的单位, 句子显得太长,而单词和短语又显得太短,均不利于比较,因而需重新定出一个新的可供比较的单位,这个新的单位就是“译素”(transeme) Determine the transemes of ST and TT ?事件状态译素和附属译素 stt&ttt ? ST: /A man waited patiently/( outside the building). ? TT:/ 一个男人(在楼前)耐心地等待/。? stt: outside the building ? ttt: 在楼前? ST:/There's not enough draft/ (up the chimney;) /that's why the fire doesn't burn well/. ? TT:( 烟囱上)/ 没有足够的风/; / 这就是火总烧不旺的原因/。 Determine the architranseme ? After establishing the transemes respectively in ST and TT, the next step is to establish mon denominator between the stt and ttt. mon denominator is called architranseme (ATR), which is the shared meaning between the two transemes. The ART is expressed only by content words. ? According to Zwart, "an ATR can be identified with the help of a good descriptive dictionary in each of the two language involved". ? Toury: parationis —— an invarant against which two text segments can be measured to gauge variation