文档介绍：哈尔滨1=稃大学硕十学位论文摘要船用海水淡化装置是船舶上一个比较重要的装置。且前,船用海水淡化的方法主要有蒸馏法和反渗透法两种。近些年来,随着膜科学技术的进步,反渗透海水淡化装置在船上的应用前景更加广泛。船舶动力装置每天需要消耗大量的高纯水。船上获取高纯水的办法是:将蒸馏法海水淡化装置产生的淡水再经过离子交换器得到。实际运行中,发现蒸馏法海水淡化装置存在产水含盐量高、蒸发面易结垢、建立真空困难等问题。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种新型的船用海水淡化装置。该海水淡化装置利用反渗透原理与板式蒸发器相结合设计而成,海水通过反渗透海水淡化系统后,得到的产水接着进入板式蒸发器进行蒸馏,预期目标是得到符合动力装置水质要求的高纯水。本文主要介绍了该新型海水淡化试验装置的基本原理,详细介绍了反渗透海水淡化系统的设计,并且介绍了反渗透系统的海水淡化试验,对试验数据进行了标准化处理。试验运行数据显示,反渗透系统产水的水质和水量都较稳定,反渗透系统去除了海水中的杂质和绝大部分离子,%,极大降低了海水硬度, 所以产水不必真空蒸发,只要正压蒸发即可,海水硬度的极大降低也避免了蒸发面的结垢。试验验证了这种新型的船用海水淡化装置的设计是可行的。标准化数据显示,反渗透系统以岸边海水作为原水工作时,连续运行200小时左右就必须进行化学清洗。这说明, 这种新型的船用海水淡化装置要能够在近海海域特别是港口顺利工作的话,还需要改进海水的预处理能力。关键词:船舶;海水淡化装置;反渗透哈尔滨T程大学硕十学位论文 ABSTRACT The seawater desalination plant is arelatively important device in present,there are mostly two methods of seawater desalination forship using,which are distillation and reverse osmosis. During the past years,with membrane technology progressing,the applied foreground of marine reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant willbe more extensive. The marine power plants consume large amount of high purity water every board,the way gaining high purity water isletting the fresh water produced by the distilling plant pass through the ion—exchange actually using,the distilling plant has three problems such as high salt content of product water,scaling 011 evaporation surfaces easily,and building vacuum resolving these problems,this paper brings forward a new kind of seawater desalination seawater desalination plant is designed by the principles of reverse osmosis and plate heat exchangers,The product water es from the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system distils inplate heat exchangers to get high purity water as anticipated purpose. This paper mostly,introduces the basic principles of the new seawater desalination tester,the design of reverse osmosis seawater desalination system,the experiments ofdesalination system,and the standardization method ofthe data