文档介绍：会计学
1
西格玛常识(chángshí)
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2
What Types of Problems Should We Target?
High Defect Rates
Low Yields
Excessive Cycle Time
Excessive Machine Down Time
High Maintenance Costs
Bottlenecks
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3
What Types of Problems Should We Target?
High Defect Rates
Low Yields
Excessive Cycle Time
Excessive Machine Down Time
High Maintenance Costs
Bottlenecks
Non-Conformance
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4
Classes of Non-Conformance
Defects
Results when a characteristic does not conform to a standard.
Faults
Results when a characteristic does not perform to a standard.
Errors
Results when an action does not comply with a standard.
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5
Exercise: Fault, Defect, or Error?
Your pay check is delivered late
A unit of media is rejected for a scratch
Process cycle time was 22 seconds when machine was delivered by design center. Now running at 29 seconds.
Your paycheck is incorrect. You have been overpaid by $200.
A technician has not recorded all machine repairs in the maintenance log
Too many pieces of test equipment are being calibrated after their calibration expires
A piece of test equipment that you want to use is not calibrated
Yields are running at 96%, 2% below the requirement.
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6
The Role of Measurement
Certainty +
Known +
Belief +
Confidence +
Yield +
Uncertainty
Unknown
Disbelief
Risk
Defect Rate
= 100%
= 100%
= 100%
= 100%
= 100%
If we cannot express what we know in the form of numbers, we really don’t know much about it.
If we don’t know much about it, we cannot control it.
If we cannot control it, we are at the mercy of chance.
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Monty Hall shows you 3 boxes on the stage and tells you that under one
of the boxes is new car and under the other two boxes are goats. He asks
you to pick a box. After you have made your selection he reveals under one
of the two remaining boxes a goa