文档介绍：Subjunctive Mood
， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件从句
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
现在
过去
未来
did / were
had done
would/could/should/might +V.(原)
would/could/should/might+have+.
1. did / were
2. should do
3. were to do
I had enough time , I would travel abroad.
I were rich, I would buy you anything you want.
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
在虚拟条件句中有were, had, should三个助动词中的一个时,可以省略if, 把这些词放在主语前。
例如：
If I should meet her, I would tell her.
=Should I meet her,I would tell her.
If I were in your position,I would do it better.
=Were I in your position,I would do it better.
If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded
=Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
,otherwise和but for 构成虚拟:含蓄条件句（but for要不是）
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
二、虚拟语气特殊句型：
wish
+ 宾语从句
针对现在表达愿望(与事实相反)：
过去时 (did/were)
过去完成时 (had done)
would/could/might+V. should
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
(现在)
(过去)
与过去事实相反的愿望:
1
２
３
针对将来表达愿望:
I wish I were a bird.
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
(将来)
3. would rather that
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.
sb did sth
(与过去情况相反)
done sth.
(与现在或将来情况相反)
4. as if /though + 从句
现在：
过去：
过去时
过去完成时
He looks as if he were drunk.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
It seems as if it were spring.
I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.