文档介绍：摘要摘要本论文,一方面,通过对薛定谔猫态进行任意的光子数增加,分析其统计特性并研究处于热环境中的退相干问题。结果表明,光子增加薛定猫态的归一化系数为厄密多项式,我们以Q函数、Wigner函数、光子数分布的形式讨论了其统计特性和于热环境中的演化。特别地,当埘大于去如【(2万+2)/(2万+1)】,单光子 Z 增加偶相干态在整个相位空间Wigner函数均为正。这也表明,由于光子数的增加,单光子增加偶相干态拥有稳健性,这也能从Wigner函数的腹部体积看出。另一方面,我们使用了Fock态和偶相干态(光子增加薛定谔猫态矽=0)作为输入源,研究了量子干涉和使用奇偶检测的方法去实现相位评估。奇偶信号随着m,船,的增加而更具有可分辨性。此外,相位灵敏度在伊=0附近十分精确, 并在某些区域超过了量子噪音极限,并十分接近海森堡极限。关键词:退相干;光子增加薛定谔猫态;腹部体积;M—Z干涉仪:奇偶探测; 相位灵敏度 Abstract Abstract On the one hand,we analyze thestatisticalproperties and decoherence ofthe fieldstatesproduced byadding any number ofphotons totheSchrodinger Catstates (SCSs)in athermal isfound thatthenormalization factorofPA-SCS is the Hermite polynomial of the coherent statistical properties and decoherence isdiscussed by deriving analytically the time evolution of the Q·function,Wigner function andthephoton-number thatthe singlephoton-added even SCSs,the Wigner function isalways positive inthewhole phase space when Ktexceeds the thresholdvalue去ln[(2 n+矽/『2万+1) implies that the singlephoton-added even SCSs possesses arobustness due tothe presence ofphoton—addition,which can alsobe seen from thepoint ofview ofthe volume ofnegative region ofWigner function. On theotherhand,we study thequantum interference andthephase estimation with parity detection through Mach-·Zender interferometer with an arbitrary··photon Fock stateand an even coherent state as two parity signal ismore super-resolved withthe increaseofm,/'/c ,thephase sensitivity has superior sensitivity inthevicinity of矽20,and reaches below shot-noise limit between some certainarea,also approach theHeisenberg limit. Key words:Decoherence;Photon·added Schr/Sdinger cat states; Negative volume;M-Z interferometer:Parity detection;Phase sensitivity 硕士学位论文目录摘要???????????????????.I Abstract.....?........??....................................II 目录????????????????????.III 第一章概述??????????????????.1 .?.?......?..............?..........