文档介绍：摘 要
船舶下水在整个造船过程中属于一个比较关键的环节，同时对船厂来说也是一个重
要的生产节点。影响船舶下水的因素有很多，例如船型种类、造船区域、周围环境、下
水水文条件、工艺水平等等。船舶下水的方式也有很多，按船舶下水原理可分为：重力
式下水、漂浮式下水、机械化下水和气囊下水等四大类。随着船舶气囊下水技术的进一
步发展，目前气囊下水的技术也相对成熟起来。本船采用气囊下水方式，在下水前首先
进行实船重量重心及初稳性计算，根据计算结果对浮态进行调整，直到满足下水要求。
而后进行下水过程计算，避免出现艉落及艏跌现象。在采用气囊下水方式时，还需要进
行气囊布置计算及详细的船体结构强度分析，以保证下水的安全性及可行性。
结构强度分析方法有很多种，有限元分析方法是经过理论及实践验证的比较成熟的
强度分析方法，利用有限元原理进行强度计算的软件也有很多，各有各的优点及应用领
域，其中 ANSYS 软件是应用非常广泛的有限元分析软件之一。
本文首先对 1000 吨成品油船的下水的下水过程及气囊布置进行计算，然后应用有
限元方法对 1000 吨油船气囊下水过程进行结构强度分析，使用的有限元分析软件为
ANSYS 软件。参照分析结果，可为此船采用气囊下水方式提供强有力的理论依据。
关键词：ANSYS；船舶下水；强度分析；有限元；气囊下水
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Abstract
The ship launching is a crucial problem and a important production node during the
construction of the are many element influencing ship launching, such as ship
kinds, shipbuilding zone, environment, launching hydrological conditions, technology
level, are also many launching methods which according to the launching theory are
divided into gravity launching, floating launching, mechanical launching, airbag launching.
With the further development of airbag launching technology, the technology of airbag
launching is increasingly ship will be launcher by airbag,At first,before
launching,we must do the calculation of the gravity center of gravity and the initial stability of
the ship. According to the calculation results, the floating state will be adjusted until the
launching requirement is satisfied. To avoid tipping appearance, we should do the calculation
of the launching process. Then we also need to calculate the airbag layout and analyze the
strength of the hull structure in detail, so as to ensure the safety and feasibility of launching
There are many methods of strength analysising, and the finite element analysis method
is a mature method which is verified by theory and practice. There are many softwares of