文档介绍：关于细胞凋亡和细胞自噬
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Outline
1. History of apoptosis research
2. Characterization of apoptosis
3. Physiological Significances
4. Apoptosis Signaling Pathways
5. Regulation of Apoptosis
6. Apoptosis and Autophagy
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第一节 凋亡的研究历史
1842 Carl Voget
Initial observation that cell death in part of normal development
1972 Kerr, Wyllie and Currie-
- introduced term ‘apoptosis’ to describe cell death with a set of
common morphological features
- Cell deletion was controlled under physiological conditions in
adults
- Deregulation could lead to many diseases
- Morphologically identical to developmental CD and distinct
from accidental cell death
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1980 Wyllie
Biochemical changes in apoptotic morphology:
- DNA fragmentation
-Requires expression of death genes
1988 Bcl-2 was found to be anti-apoptotic
1991 ced genes were identified in C. elegan
1992 Fas/APO-1/CD95 was identified
1993 A role of p53 in regulation of apoptosis was described
Fas ligand was identified
ICE was found to be homolog of ced-3 in mammalian
IAPs were identified
1994 The role of mitochondria during apoptosis
1996 The role of caspases during apoptosis
Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis was
discovered
1997 Apafs were identified
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Nobel Prize 2002 in Physiology and Medicine
Sydney Brenner John E. Sulston Robert H. Horvitz
for their discoveries concerning
"genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
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“Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans”
“You can observe a lot by watching.” Y. Berra
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第二节 凋亡细胞的特征
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凋亡(apoptosis)的形态学特征为染色质凝集、边缘化，细胞皱缩，细胞膜内侧的磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻