文档介绍：论城镇二元结构下农民工低工资
起因即其集体议价
沙磊
国际经济和贸易学院
南京财经大学
高觉民
国际经济和贸易学院
南京财经大学
鲍晶晶
国际经济和贸易学院
南京财经大学
摘 要：本文在以往新兴古典经济学模型基础上，在若干原子式生产者－消费者当中引入了企业这么一个组织生产方法。建立了一个含有分立生产者－消费者和企业同时存在通常均衡模型，作为基础经济环境，即城镇二元结构,从而分析农民工问题。经过模型比较了自给自足者、分立分工参与者、企业工人和企业全部者这四个模式。我们认为企业工人和企业全部者之间关系（劳资关系）能够了解为争夺企业这种生产组织形式所带来分工收益。因为农民工游离在城镇二元结构之中而无法在劳资谈判中取得优势。农民工假如能够以集体形式参与工资讨价还价，将有利于其提升工资境遇和生活水平。
关键词：城镇二元结构，农民工，分工，生产者－消费者，企业，工资讨价还价。
Abstract: In this paper enterprises organizing production are introduced into numbers of atomic producer-consumers based on the former models of new classical economics. A model that consists of divided producer-consumers and enterprises are constructed as the basic economic circumstance, . the rural-urban dual structure, to analyze the problem of rural labors. Four patterns are compared through this model, as autarkic individuals, divided participants of division of labor, workmen and owners of enterprises. It is figured out that the relationship between workman and owners (or between labor and capital) can be apprehended as a contention for the benefit of division of labor brought about by enterprise, a form of productive organization. Rural labors are rarely able to benefit from the bargaining for their dissociation of the dual rural-urban structure. The standard of living and wages of rural labors would be improved to some degree, if it is possible that rural labors can be organized into unions and thus take part in the bargaining of wages.
Key Words：rural-urban dual structure, rural labors, division of labor, producer-consumer, enterprise, bargaining of wages.
一、引 言
不管是Adam Smith还是Karl Marx，她们著作中全部在谈论分工。现在，分工思想经过以超边际分析作为基础工具新兴古典（new classical）经济学得以复活。不过在以往新兴古典经济学文件中，模型建立全部是以分立生产者－消费者作为分析基础单位， 这里能够参见一系列新兴古典经济学文件。文件综述见Yang, X and Ng, S (1998)。
分工是在这些相互独立“原子”之间进行。本文则在这些分立生产者－消费者中间引入企业，经过企业来组织这些原本分立生产者－消费者进行高效率生产，这就出现了以往文件中没有出现过分立生产者－消费者和企业并存情况。
我们设定上述经济环境并不是出于偶然。首先，它更贴近古典经济学