文档介绍：Introduction
Diabetes mellitus
is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
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Introduction
The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
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Symptoms
Polyuria
Polydipsia (thirst)
Weight loss
Weakness
Polyphagia
Blurred vision
Recurrent infection
Impairment of growth
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Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes (WHO1999)
Symptoms of diabetes +
Casual plasma glucose ≥ (200mg/dl)
Or
FPG ≥ (126mg/dl)
Or
2-hPG ≥
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Diagnostic Criteria WHO1999
IGT
-FPG<7mmol/L
-2-h PG≥ and <
IFG
-FPG≥ and <
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Laboratory Findings
Urinary glucose
Urinary ketone
Blood glucose (FPG and 2-hPG)
HbA1c and FA(fructosamine)
OGTT
Insulin / CP releasing test
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Classification (1)
Type 1 diabetes
β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute deficiency
<1>Immune-mediated diabetes
<2>Idiopathic diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Ranging from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to predominantly an insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance
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Classification (2)
Other specific types of diabetes
Due to other causes, .,genetic defects in insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas, drug or chemical induced
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)
diagnosed during pregnancy
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Etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus(1)
1diabetes ( -cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency )
A. immune mediated
B. Idiopathic
2diabetes ( may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative