文档介绍：PHYSICAL REVIEW A, VOLUME 63, 062302
Classical wave-optics analogy of quantum-information processing
Robert J. C. Spreeuw*
Van der Waals–Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam, herlands
͑Received 15 September 2000; published 8 May 2001͒
An analogous model system for quantum information processing is discussed, based on classical wave
optics. The model system is applied to three examples that involve three qubits: ͑i͒ three-particle Greenberger-
Horne-Zeilinger entanglement, ͑ii͒ quantum teleportation, and ͑iii͒ a simple quantum error work.
It is found that the model system can essfully simulate most features of entanglement, but fails to simulate
quantum nonlocality. Investigations of how far the classical simulation can be pushed show that quantum
nonlocality is the essential ingredient of a puter, even more so than entanglement. The well-
known problem of exponential resources required for a classical simulation of a puter, is also
linked to the nonlocal nature of entanglement, rather than to the nonfactorizability of the state vector.
DOI: .062302 PACS number͑s͒: , , ,
I. INTRODUCTION A classical analogy of entanglement has previously been
constructed on the basis of classical ͑light͒ waves ͓10,11͔.
The processing of quantum information is under i