文档介绍：Earth ’ s sphere structure (地球的圈层结构) The Earth environment posed of the interacting subsystems of air ,water, living things , earth ’ s crust , mantle and core. 地球环境由大气、水、生物以及地壳、地幔、地核等六大圈层组成。 Outer sphere 外部圈层 Interior sphere 内部圈层 ’ s Outer sphere (地球的外部圈层) Earth ’ s outer sphere posed of atmosphere (大气圈) , hydrosphere (水圈) and biosphere (生物圈) . Atmosphere (大气圈) The Earth's atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. Basically bottom of the atmosphere is the surface of the Earth . 【大气圈的下界一般为地面】。 atmospheric phenomena (大气现象) Changes of surface features (地表形态改变) transformation of water bodies (水体转化) water cycle (水循环) Human beings and all their activities on the earth can ’ t exist without atmosphere. Life on Earth is supported by the atmosphere, solar energy, and our 's ic fields. Hydrosphere (水圈) States of water (水的状态): Water bodies (水体): Distribution (分布): Hydrosphere is continuous and irregular . (水圈是连续不规则的) solid , liquid and gas glacier (冰川), river - water , sea- water, marsh water (沼泽水) and groundwater (地下水) oceans , land and atmosphere Functions of Hydrosphere (水圈作用) ★ Water cycle changes the features of Earth. (水循环改变地貌) ★ Water is material basis for the existence of human beings and all the other anisms. Water is essential resources for human ’ s life . (水是人类和一切生物生存的物质基础,是人类生活不可缺少的资源) Biosphere (生物圈) Definition (定义): The anisms (生物) and their pose the biosphere 。(生物圈是地球上所有生物及其生存环境的总称) Extension (范围): whole hydrosphere (全部水圈)、 surface of crust-sphere (地壳圈表层)、 bottom of atmosphere (大气圈底层) Thickness (厚度): over 20km 生物主要集中在地球内外圈层的交汇处:水圈表层和浅水的底层大气圈的下层土壤上层几十厘米之内生物圈的核心部分在地面以上 100m 和水面以下 200m 这一薄层中 ’ s Interior sphere (地球的内部圈层) Basis for the division of earth ’ s interior sphere (划分地球内部圈层的依据) 地震波( earthquake wave ):当地震发生时,地下物质受到强烈的冲击会发生弹性震动,并以波的形式向四周传播,这种弹性波就叫地震波。地震波纵波( P wave ): 横波( S wave ): 传播速度较快, 能通过固态、液态和气态介质传播速度较慢, 只能通过固体介质?是划分地球内部圈层的依据地震波的传播速度与地球内部物质