文档介绍：Chapter Four Chapter Four Syntax Syntax 上外精品课程-《现代语言学》 Outline Outline 4. 1 4. 1 Definition Definition 4. 2 Word-level categories 4. 2 Word-level categories 4. 3 Phrase categories 4. 3 Phrase categories 4. 4 Phrase structure rule 4. 4 Phrase structure rule 4. 5 Sentences (The S rule) 4. 5 Sentences (The S rule) 4. 6 Transformations 4. 6 Transformations 4. 7 Task 4. 7 Task 上外精品课程-《现代语言学》 Definition Definition ?? It It’’ s a kind of micro linguistics that studies s a kind of micro linguistics that studies how words bined to form sentences how words bined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. (Transformational syntax to be sentences. (Transformational syntax to be introduced in the book.) introduced in the book.) Word-level categories Word-level categories ?? Category refers to a group of linguistic items Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language. Traditionally, category is particular language. Traditionally, category is termed as termed as ““ parts of speech parts of speech ””. . 上外精品课程-《现代语言学》 Major lexical categories and minor lexical categories: Major lexical categories and minor lexical categories: Examples of some lexical categories Examples of some lexical categories the, a, this, those the, a, this, those quite, very, more, so quite, very, more, so often, always, seldom, almost often, always, seldom, almost must, should, can, might must, should, can, might and, but, or and, but, or Determiner (Det) Determiner (Det) Degree word (Deg) Degree word (Deg) Qualifier (Qual) Qualifier (Qual) Auxiliary (Aux) Auxiliary (Aux) Conjunction (Con) Conjunction (Con) Examples Examples Minor lexical categories Minor lexical categories book, boy, love, sheep book, boy, love, sheep run, read, play run, read, play happy, tall, clear