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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN001G-02 May 25, 2001 16:0
Accelerator Physics
and Engineering
Frank T. Cole, deceased
Maury Tigner
Cornell University
Alexander W. Chao
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
I. Introduction
II. History
III. Applications of Accelerators
IV. Types of Accelerators
V. Physical Principles of Beam Motion
VI. Accelerators of the Future
GLOSSARY Cyclic accelerator Particle accelerator in which each
particle passes many times through a small potential
Betatron Circular induction accelerator for electrons. drop to be accelerated to high energy.
The ic guide field rises during acceleration to Cyclotron Circular accelerator in which protons or heavy
keep particles on a circle of constant radius. ions spiral outward from the center as they are accel-
Circular accelerator Cyclic accelerator in which parti- erated by a radio-frequency voltage.
cles are bent by ic fields around closed paths, Electron volt (eV) Unit used to describe the energy of
passing many times through the same accelerating particles in an accelerator.
system. Emittance Area in the transverse phase space (in units of
Colliding beams System in which the fixed target is millimeter–milliradians) occupied by the distribution
replaced by a second beam of accelerated parti- of particles in a beam.
cles moving in the opposite direction. The collisions Fixed target Target fixed in location that the beam
of moving particles produce very high-energy phen- strikes after acceleration to produce physical changes
omena. of interest.
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28 Accelerator Physics and Engineering
Focusing system System for confining divergent parti- A particle accelerator is a device that manipulates the
cles in a beam close to the ideal orbit during the course motion of charged particle beams. The mon ma-