文档介绍：托福听力全解
第一课
托福考试听力综述及备考方法
学术名词的介绍
ETS: Educational Testing Service
TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language
听写的必要性
听力考试备考方法四：听写
听写方法：
：懂大意。
：注意第一遍没听清的句子。
：注意前两遍没听清的字词。
，放音不可写, 最多听5遍。
。
。
听力考试备考方法四：听写
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听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
1. 原则
自己能看懂
越少完整单词拼写
中英文相结合
线条、图画、符号并用
简练，切莫因记勿听
写而有用
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
2. 要点
开头部分：对话或讲座的主题、目的
总论点下的分类、分支及特点
解释程序步骤，注意先后顺序
重要时间、地点
人物身份、观点
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
最高级、比较级
说明多个原因、结果
表达态度、倾向性
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
3. 区别
长对话：记问题，解决办法，具体建议。
长段落：记概念，主要分支及其特点，重要时间、地点、数字，说话人态度，观点认可度。
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
4. 信号词
时间：previously, formerly, initially, first, now, presently, then, later, subsequently, next, finally, last, ultimately, before, after, meanwhile, when, immediately
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
举例：for example, for instance, such as, in this/another case, in this situation, on this occasion, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
列举：
first(ly), second, third, last/ finally
one, another
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
补充：
and, as well as
also, too, in addition
further, furthermore
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
比较：
like, likewise, as, both, similarly, at the same time, in comparison
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
转折：
on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
despite, regardless, notwithstanding, though, although, even though, in spite of
but, however, yet, nevertheless, instead, rather, whereas
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
强调：
definitely, extremely, especially, obviously, absolutely, positively, surprisingly, in fact, emphatically, indeed, in any case
unquestionably, without a doubt
best, only
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
因果：
because, since
for this reason, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, consequently
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
定义：
define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state, we refer to
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
总结：
in short, in brief, in the end, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to reiterate, to sum up, finally, therefore, as already stated
听力考试备考方法五：记笔记
5. 符号
数学符号
+ 比较级：more