文档介绍：摘要生物柴油75%的成本是原料成本,地沟油以其来源广泛,价格便宜成为研究制取生物柴油原料的一个重点。本文采用地沟油为原料,分别对用NaOH催化甲醇、浓HuSO。催化甲醇和浓HzSO。催化乙醇的酯化一酯交换反应进行正交试验。最佳工艺条件:浓H2SO。催化甲酵——温度为60℃,油醇摩尔比为1:40,浓H2S04质鼍分数为7%,反应时间为6h;浓H2S04催化乙醇——韫度为70。C, 油醇摩尔比为1:30,浓H2S04质量分数为5%,反应时阃为6h。NaOH催化甲醇平均产率为70 %;浓rhs04催化甲醇和乙醇平均产率分别为83%和81%。生物柴油的动力粘度:NaOH催化甲醇—,浓H2S04催化甲醇——,浓H2S04催化乙醇—-。结果表明:以地沟油为原料制取生物柴油可获得利润,而采用浓HzSO。催化甲醇更适合从地沟油中制取生物柴油。在S195柴油机上做了生物柴油——柴油的台架试验,结果表明:在相同工况下,纯生物柴油比纯柴油的燃油消耗率高9%~18%,其经济性低于柴油。在全负荷时,B10和B20(柴油中掺烧质量分数10%}H 20%的生物柴油)比纯柴油的燃油消耗率低了2_2%和高了3%,其经济性与柴油相当。在额定功率下,%,%%,排放的烟度大大降低。对生命周期的净能量进行分析,生物柴油生产系统能量输出与化石能输入相比具有能量盈余, M¨唔1, Ml·k百1。这说明了由地沟油制生物柴油的可再生性。浓H2so。作催化剂效果更加明显。行驶同样的距离,B10和B20可比普通柴油节约 %%的化石能源。关键词:地沟油,生物柴油,酯交换,烟度,净能量 Abstract As raw material ofbiodiesel production,swill oils ing adisquisitive keystone forlow cost andextensive自Durce because the costofbiodiesel restwim rawmaterial mainly. Thispaper studiedtheTransesterifieationbetween swilloilsand methanol jnH2S04 and NaOH as catalysts andbetween swilloilsandethanol resultsindicated thattheoptimal technics temperature: proportion ofmethanol andswilloil:1:40,thedosage ofcatalyst:7%,the timeof reaction:6hformethanol output ofbiodiesel 70%at NaOH,83%at H2S04 and methanol’8l%at H2S04 and ethanol。For ethanol is:temperature 75℃,theproportion of methanol and swilloil1:30,thedosage ofcatalyst5%,the timeof reaction viscosity ofdiesel: for methanol atNaOH, g/cm·S formethanol atH2S04 and6,6g/ forethanol the transesterificationbetween swilloilsandmethanol atH2S0d more feasible. The msults ofengine testofdiese】and biodiesel blends indicated thatthebrake specific fuel consumption ofdieselengine increaseand smoke letreducewith theaddition brakespecific血elconsumption ofB10 and B20 increased %and3%iu smoIce let reduced %and %. The energy lifecycle was analys