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大学英语四级语法精要
一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等 )
(一)时态
1、主动形式
2、被动形式
ogiveupsmoking.
7)Vt.+O+prep. :WetalkedDonaldintoagreement.
(三)省略
1、在以as,than,when,if,unless 等引导的从句中的省略 : 在有些状语从句中 ,如果谓
语包含有动词 be,主语又和主句的主语一致 a),或者主语是 it b),就常常可以把从句中的主
语和谓语的一部分 (特别是动词 be)省略掉.
1)Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.
Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.
Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.
Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.
Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrained
veryyoung.
Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.
2)IfnecessaryI ’llhavetheletterduplicated.
Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.
2、在以thana) 或asb) 引起的从句中 ,常会有一些成分省略 .
1)Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.
Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.
2)Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).
Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.
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Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.
Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.
3、的省略
1)HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.
2)Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.
(四)一致
1、主一致(与插入无关)
1)主的分隔原:主之可以用定从句或者省略的定从句分隔。
2)定从句中的主一致
3)随前一致:
n. + together with;as well as;including ;along with;with / of;
accompanied with / by
4)就近原
5)如果主表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的候,用数,种构的
特征是and接 的两个只有一个冠。
Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourcountry.
Theheadmasterandmathematicalteacheriscoming.
Theheadmasterandthemathematicalteacherarecoming.
·似的有:law
and
order;bread
and;butter
black
and
white
;
To
love
and
to
beloved
is
⋯
;
A
lawyer
and
a
teacher
are⋯;A
lawyer
and
teacher
is
⋯
6)随后原:not
Abut
B
/
notonly
A
but
also
B+v.(与B一致)
7)百分比构:most,half,rest,some,majority
,one+persent;of+n1+v.(由
n1
决定)
8)倒装构的主一致:
·There be +n 由名决定