文档介绍：GOM6
Location Selection
The Roles of Foreign Factories
Building Effective
R&D Capabilities
Abroad
全球运营管理6
位置的选择
海外公司的角色
培养有效的海外研发能力
Locating Global Activities
The Extreme Global Value Chain
Country
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Activities
R&D
Design
Purchasing
Production
Marketing
Selling
Distribution
Service
In real world, panies should
Provide for some duplication of most
Activities.
Locating Global Activities
Role of National Factors
Traditional country considerations
Comparative advantage theory
Policies
Risks
Globally strategic countries
R&D
Major source of industry innovation
Presence of highly skilled and/or low-cost R&D workers
Highly demanding customers
Manufacturing
Favorable factor conditions
Close location to major markets
Favorable country-of-origin effect
Manufacturing presence of petitors
Role of Exchange Rates
Caterpillar versus Komatsu Case
全球活动定位
国家因素的作用
--传统国家意义上的考虑
--相对优势理论
--政策
--风险
--全球战略的国家
--研发
--产业革命的主要源泉
--拥有高技术和/或低成本的研发工人
--高需求客户
--生产
--有利的因素条件
--靠近主市场的地理位置
--有利的生产国效应
--全球竞争对手的出现
汇率的作用
--卡特皮勒对小松凯思
Locating Global Activities
Benefits
Cost reduction
Reduce duplication of activities
Exploit economies of scale
Exploit economies of scope
Exploiting flexibility
Improved Quality
Concentration of R&D function allows
pany to devote great resources
Concentration of production function
Allows investment in better facilities and
Equipment than can be afforded under
A multilocal strategy
Enhance Customer Preference
petitive Leverage
Can greatly reduce the dependence of
Each subsidiary’petitive position
On local condition
Drawbacks
Lessened Responsiveness to Customer
Increased Currency Risk
Difficulties in Managing Value-chain
全球活动定位
优势
降低成本
减少重复活动
发展规模经济
发展范围(视界)经济
调动灵活性
提高质量
重视研发功能使公司可以投入大量资源改善质量
重视生产功能使公司可以投资购买更好的设施和设备,使之优于多地区战略下的设施设备
增强客户的偏好
提高竞争的杠杆作用可以极大地降低每一个子公司在当地市场上竞争能力的依赖性
劣势
对客户的响应能力减弱
通货风险增加
价值链管理上的困难
Locating Global Activities
Locating Individual Activities
Global Financing
Sony moved its trea