文档介绍：Chapter 2. Basic Function of the Cell
冯鉴强教授
There are about 100 trillion(万亿) cells in a human being ( red blood cells about 25 trillion).
Each of 100 trillion is a living structure that can survive and reproduce itself.
If to understand the function ans and other structures of the body, it is essential that we first understand the anization of the cell and the function of ponent parts.
Review the basic structure of Cell
Cell membrane
cell
protoplasm :water etc.
cytoplasma
Organelle: Neucleus etc
Neucleus : Nuclear membrane
Neucleolus : Contain RNA, DNA
Mitochondria : provide energy, ATP
Endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosome (核蛋白体):related to protein synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
related to production of lipid and glucose
Golgi apparatus (高尔基体)
Lysome (溶酶体):digest aging or damage structures
Microtuble(微管)
ponents of cytoplasma:
Water 80%, protein 14%
Lipid 2%, others 4%
Section I Transport of Substances Through the Cell Membrane
The positions of extracellular fluid are different from those of intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
Na+
142 mEg/L
10 mEg/L
K+
4 mEg/L
140 mEg/L
Cl-
103 mEg/L
4 mEg/L
Phosphates
4 mEg/L
75 mEg/L
Proteins
5 mEg/L
40 mEg/L
These differences are important to the life of the cell
<1> ponents and Molecular structure of the Cell Membrane
(1)Fluid- mosaic Model
The cell membrane and membranes anelles posed of Lipids and proteins:
Protein : Lipid = 4:1 – 1:4
Depending on the functional activities of membranes
a lipid bilayer
1890, Overton, cell membranes have higher permeability to fatty – soluble substances. Suggesting : cell membrane posed of lipid.
1925, Gorter and Grender
Based on the experimental results about area of the red blood cells, believed the membrane Lipids were arranged in a bilayer manner
Fluid mosaic model
1972, Singer and Nicholson
Main point: a lipid bilay as the frame of cell membrane; Interspersed in a lipid bilayer are l