文档介绍：Chapter 8. Excretion of kidney
Department of physiology of SUMS
Wang Tinghuai
中山大学基础医学院生理学教研室
王庭槐
第八章肾脏的排泄
The Latest information from WHO the incidence rate of urinary system(%)
慢性肾功能不全(chronic renal)
糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy)
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结核(tubercle)
多囊肾(polycystic kidney)
肿瘤(Tumor)
结石(Calculus0
肾炎(nephritis)
泌尿系感染(Infectious disease)
泌尿系统疾病(Disease of urinary system)
Developed country
Developing country
评价: (evaluation)
发展中国家泌尿系统疾病发病率高,主要是高发的泌尿系感染、急性肾炎、间质性肾炎、结核等,其主要原因包括:
The incidence rate of urinary system is high in developing country,especially infectious diseases、acute nephritis, interstitial nephritis,tubercle, main causes are as follows:
1. 感染性疾病未得到足够控制,导致泌尿系感染、急性肾炎、间质性肾炎和结核的发病率高。
Infectious diseases are not be controlled enough,so the incidence rate of infectious diseases、acute nephritis、 interstitial nephritis、tubercle is high.
2. 严重的环境污染和生活毒素未得到控制,导致肾小球和肾间质炎症的发病率高,也与高发的肾肿瘤有关。
Heavy environment pollution and toxin are not be controlled enough.
3. 对遗传性疾病缺乏生育控制,与多囊肾等先天性疾病的多发有关。
Birth control are not carried out effectively for preventing ic the incidence rate of congenital diseases such as polycystic kidney is high.
4. 社会医疗服务经费的缺乏,使得较多患者的疾病发展到慢性肾功能衰竭。
The deficiency of social funds for medicine service leads to many diseases developing into chronic renal failure.
5. 透析和移植治疗的缺乏,使得慢性肾功能衰竭不能得到纠正,引起更多的感染和肿瘤发生。
Chronic renal failure isn’t be corrected because of the deficiency of dialyse and transplantation , so more infectious diseases and tumors occur.
概述(Introduction)
排泄(excretion)——机体将物质代谢尾产 物和机体不需或过剩的物质排出体外的 过程
the process that the cellular waste products or extra nutrients、minerals and water leaving the body.
排泄的四个途径:(Four excretory pathways)
由呼吸器官排出(By an)
由大肠排出(By intestinal tract)
由皮肤排出(By skin)
由肾脏排出(By kidney)
排泄的功能意义 The functional significance of excretion:
排除代谢尾产物、异物
Elimination of waste products and foreign materia