Resampling The New Statistics (22).pdf

文档介绍：Chapter 19—General Procedures for Testing Hypothesies 297
CHAPTER
General Procedures
for Testing
19 Hypotheses
Introduction
Skeleton Procedure for Testing Hypotheses
An Example: Can the Bio-Engineer Increase the Female Calf Rate?
Conventional Methods
Choice of the Benchmark Universe
Why is Statistics—and Hypothesis Testing—So Hard?
Introduction
The previous chapters have presented procedures for making
statistical inferences that apply to both testing hypotheses and
constructing confidence intervals: This chapter focuses on spe-
cific procedures for testing hypotheses.
`The general idea in testing hypotheses is to ask: Is there some
other universe which might well have produced the observed
sample? So we consider alternative hypotheses. This is a
straightforward exercise in probability, asking about behav-
ior of one or more universes. The choice of another universe(s)
to examine depends upon purposes and other considerations.
Canonical question-and-answer procedure for testing hypotheses
Skeleton procedure for testing hypotheses
Akin to skeleton procedure for questions in probability and
confidence intervals shown elsewhere
The following series of questions will be repeated below in
the context of a specific inference.
What is the question? What is the purpose to be served by answer-
ing the question?
Is this a “probability” or