文档介绍：三、了解常见的句际关系及语篇标识词
句际关系主要是考察空白处与前后句子之间的逻辑关系。句子与句子之间的关系可能是显性的,也可能是隐性的。显性的句际关系有明显的标志词出现,这会给考生理解文章的发展脉络带来很大方便。句际关系主要有以下几种:
(顺承关系或并列关系):后句是前句的延续或补充,标识词主要有then, after that, furthermore, also, when(this happens)等。
:前后两句意思相反,标识词通常有but, however, nevertheless, (al)though, in fact等。
:即论据对于论点的论证关系。典型标识词是for example, for instance, take……as an example等。
:前因后果,或前果后因。可能出现的标识词有for, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, accordingly等。
、对照关系:对比关系说明前后内容的相同之处,可能出现similarly, like等标志词;对照关系则说明前后内容的不同之处,标识词通常有as a contrast, on the contrary, on the one hand……on the other hand等。
四、理解文章中词汇的语义特征上文提到了从整体把握文章的命脉。另外,文章中的某些关键词也能为考生提供线索。在选择时,尽量往这些关键词上"靠",可以避免离题太远。
以下三类词的作用不容忽视:
(一)名词表主题 When es to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator", she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars." So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,"she s