文档介绍：Cervical Spine fractures… Cervical Anatomy?Biomechanically Specialized?Support of “large” Cranial mass?Large range of motion○Flexion/extension○Axial rotation?Unique osteological characteristicsC1 - Atlas?No body?2 articular pillars?Flat articular surface?Vertebral artery foramen?2 arches?Anterior?Posterior○Vertebral artery grooveFunction – The Atlas?Transition zone between head and c-spine?Important anatomical points?Superior articular processes allow flex/ext?Inferior articular processes are important for rotation?Notch for vertebral artery is mon fracture siteC2 Anatomy?Dens?Embriological C1 body?Base poorly vascularized?Osteoporotic?Flat C1-2 joints?Vertebral artery foramena?Inferomedial to superolateralAnatomy – The Axis?Important transition point for forces within the c-spine?Important anatomical points?Superior and inferior articular processes are “offset” in the AP direction- due to different functions at each articulation?Pars interarticularis- due to this transition is a frequent fracture site?Odontoid process- the “pivot” for rotation?Allow for the wide ROM of upper C-spine while maintaining stability?Classified according to location with respect to vertebral canal?Internal:○Tectorial membrane○Cruciate ligament – including transverse ligament○Alar and apical ligaments?External○Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes○Anterior and posterior atlanto-axial membranes○Articular capsules and ligamentum nuchaeAnatomy – The LigamentsAtlantoAxial AnatomyTectorial MembraneAtlantoAxial iputC1C2Tranverse LigamentC1-C2 jointAlar LigamentAtlantoAxial AnatomyTransverseLigamentFacet ipitalCondyle