文档介绍：F O U R T H E D I T I O N
Facility Decisions: Location and Capacity 设施决策:选址和生产能力
© The McGraw-panies, Inc., 2003
DAVIS
AQUILANO
CHASE
主讲:张维存
Fundamentals of Operations Management 4e
School of Management, Hebei Univ. of Tech. 5–2
学习目的
Present a framework for evaluating alternative site locations.
介绍了选址备选方案的评估框架。
Identify the various factors, both quantitative and qualitative, that should be taken into consideration when selecting a location for a manufacturing or anization.
定量和定性地分析了影响制造型与服务型企业的选址决策的各种因素。
Distinguish between those factors that are important for locating a manufacturing facility and those that are important for locating a service operation.
讨论了区别影响制造设施与服务机构选址决策的不同的关键因素。
Fundamentals of Operations Management 4e
School of Management, Hebei Univ. of Tech. 5–3
本章引例
Fluor全球选址战略公司是一家从事选址决策的专业咨询公司。公司的一个客户决定把新的发电厂建在俄亥俄州,原因是该州的各种税收激励政策及其位于美国中心地带的地理优势。为了确定在俄亥俄州建厂的具体位置,该企业给Fluor公司提供了如下信息:
发电厂离商用机场的距离必须在50英里以内。
发电厂所建地能够提供的制造工人数量必须超过5000人。
发电厂离230千伏输电线的距离必须在5英里以内。
发电厂里12英寸或者更粗的天然气管道的距离必须在5英里以内。
公司应用了地理信息系统软件来搜索在俄亥俄州内满足上述4个选址标准的潜在地区。公司利用GIS软件,可以将符合上述4个选址标准的搜索结果集成到一张地图上,这样很容易就搜索出全部符合上述4个选址标准的地区。
Fundamentals of Operations Management 4e
School of Management, Hebei Univ. of Tech. 5–4
1、制造设施选址
制造设施选址的综合分析
Products that decrease in weight and volume during manufacturing tend to be located near the sources of raw materials.
在制造过程体积和重量逐渐减少的产品,应按照靠近原材料供应地的原则来选址。
Products that increase in weight and volume during manufacturing tend to be located near the consumers.
在制造过程中体积和重量逐渐增加的产品,应按照接近消费者即靠近市场的原则来选址。
One site cost disadvantage such as transportation may be offset by a cost savings advantage specific to the site such as low labor costs.
低劳动力成本的收益通常可以补偿远距离的交通成本的损失。(但除成本以外,在选址时还要考虑很多其他因素)
A location analysis should consider both qualitative and quantitative factors
选址分析应综合考虑定量的和定性的因素。
Fundamentals of Operations Management 4e
School of Management, Hebei Univ. of Tech. 5–5
选址的定性因素
Local Infrastructure 当地基础设施
Institutional (., reliable electrical powe